Estacionalidad de las bacteriemias en urgencias / Seasonality of bacteremia cases in an emergency department

Objetivo. Valorar la variabilidad de la estacionalidad en los episodios de bacteriemia. Método. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de las bacteriemias significativas de los hemocultivos extraídos en un servicio de urgencias. Se analizó la incidencia, etiología, rentabilidad y pronóstico, así como las variaciones en función de las estaciones del año. Resultados. Se realizaron 4.384 solicitudes de hemocultivos, que representó una tasa de solicitud del 4,1%. La rentabilidad diagnóstica fue del 12,2%. La incidencia de bacteriemia fue de 490 episodios por cada 100.000 atenciones. En invierno, respecto a la media del resto de estaciones, resultaron significativos el incremento en la solicitud de hemocultivos (4,6% frente a 3,8%, p < 0,001), el descenso de la rentabilidad diagnóstica (10,2% frente a 13%, p = 0,01), el incremento en la tasa de contaminación (4,9 % frente a 3,8%, p = 0,02), una menor frecuencia de aislamientos de Escherichia coli (36,4% frente a 46,9%, p = 0,03) y mayor de Streptococcus pneumoniae (14,5% frente a 5,9%, p = 0,001). Conclusiones. Se identifica una variabilidad significativa en cuanto al perfil microbiológico, rentabilidad y contaminantes en los hemocultivos obtenidos durante la estación invernal

Objective. To assess seasonal variation in episodes of bacteremia. Methods. Retrospective cohort study of cases of significant bacteremia found in blood cultures ordered in a hospital emergency department. The incidence, etiology, diagnostic and prognostic yield were analyzed for each season of the year. Results. A total of 4384 blood cultures were ordered in 4.1% of the emergency patients attended. The diagnostic yield was 12.2% (incidence, 490 cases per 100 000 cases attended). Cultures were ordered more often in winter (in 4.6% of the patients vs in 3.8% in the other seasons on average, P<.001). The diagnostic yield was lower in winter than in the other seasons (10.2% vs 13%, P=.01), and the contamination rate was higher (4.9% vs 3.8%, P=.02). Escherichia coli was isolated in fewer cultures in winter than in other seasons (36.4% vs 46.9%, P=.03), and Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in more (14.5% vs 5.9%, P=.001). Conclusions. The microbiological profile of blood cultures, their diagnostic yield, and rate of contamination differ greatly in winter

Seasonality of bacteremia cases in an emergency department. / Estacionalidad de las bacteriemias en urgencias.

OBJECTIVES: To assess seasonal variation in episodes of bacteremia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of cases of significant bacteremia found in blood cultures ordered in a hospital emergency department. The incidence, etiology, diagnostic and prognostic yield were analyzed for each season of the year. RESULTS: A total of 4384 blood cultures were ordered in 4.1% of the emergency patients attended. The diagnostic yield was 12.2% (incidence, 490 cases per 100 000 cases attended). Cultures were ordered more often in winter (in 4.6% of the patients vs in 3.8% in the other seasons on average, P<.001). The diagnostic yield was lower in winter than in the other seasons (10.2% vs 13%, P=.01), and the contamination rate was higher (4.9% vs 3.8%, P=.02). Escherichia coli was isolated in fewer cultures in winter than in other seasons (36.4% vs 46.9%, P=.03), and Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in more (14.5% vs 5.9%, P=.001). CONCLUSION: The microbiological profile of blood cultures, their diagnostic yield, and rate of contamination differ greatly in winter.

OBJETIVO: Valorar la variabilidad de la estacionalidad en los episodios de bacteriemia. METODO: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de las bacteriemias significativas de los hemocultivos extraídos en un servicio de urgencias. Se analizó la incidencia, etiología, rentabilidad y pronóstico, así como las variaciones en función de las estaciones del año. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 4.384 solicitudes de hemocultivos, que representó una tasa de solicitud del 4,1%. La rentabilidad diagnóstica fue del 12,2%. La incidencia de bacteriemia fue de 490 episodios por cada 100.000 atenciones. En invierno, respecto a la media del resto de estaciones, resultaron significativos el incremento en la solicitud de hemocultivos (4,6% frente a 3,8%, p < 0,001), el descenso de la rentabilidad diagnóstica (10,2% frente a 13%, p = 0,01), el incremento en la tasa de contaminación (4,9 % frente a 3,8%, p = 0,02), una menor frecuencia de aislamientos de Escherichia coli (36,4% frente a 46,9%, p = 0,03) y mayor de Streptococcus pneumoniae (14,5% frente a 5,9%, p = 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Se identifica una variabilidad significativa en cuanto al perfil microbiológico, rentabilidad y contaminantes en los hemocultivos obtenidos durante la estación invernal.

Limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en pacientes con bacteriemia / Limitation of therapeutic effort in patients with bacteremia

Introducción: La limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico (LET) depende de factores médicos, éticos e individuales. Describimos las características de los pacientes con bacteriemia en los que se decidió limitar el esfuerzo terapéutico. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de las bacteriemias en un hospital comunitario durante el año 2011. Se recogieron variables de los pacientes (edad, sexo, índice de Barthel, comorbilidades, índice de Charlson y factores exógenos) y del episodio infeccioso (etiología, foco, lugar de adquisición, expresividad clínica, LET y mortalidad hospitalaria). Se comparó el grupo en el que se realizó LET con el que no. Resultados: Se recogieron 233 episodios de bacteriemia en 227 pacientes. Se realizó LET en 19 pacientes (8,2%). Los pacientes en los que se realizó LET eran de mayor edad (80,7 vs. 72,6 años, p= 0,014), tenían más comorbilidad (índice de Charlson 4,6 vs. 2,1, p<0,001) y con más frecuencia sufrían discapacidad grave (57,9% vs. 18,8%, p<0,001). No se encontró asociación con el sexo, el lugar de adquisición ni con la expresividad clínica de la infección. El foco clínico más frecuente en los casos de LET fue el urinario (42,1%) y predominaron los grampositivos (63,2%). El tratamiento empírico fue precoz en un 73,7%. Todos los pacientes excepto uno fallecieron. Conclusión: La LET se planteó en un número importante de los pacientes con bacteriemia, especialmente en aquellos con más edad, más comorbilidad y mayor dependencia funcional. El conocimiento de sus características diferenciales nos ayuda a comprender la toma de dicha decisión

Introduction: The limitation of therapeutic effort (LTE) depends on medical, ethical and individual factors. We describe the characteristics of patients with bacteremia in which it was decided to limit the therapeutic effort Method: Prospective study of bacteremia in a community hospital in 2011. We collected information regarding patient variable (age, sex, Barthel index, comorbidities, Charlson Index and exogenous factors) as well as regarding the infectious episode (etiology, focus, place of adquisition, clinical expressivity, LTE and hospital mortality). The group in which LTE was performed was compared to the one that was not. Results: We collected 233 episodes of bacteremia in 227 patients. We performed LTE in 19 patients (8.2%). Patients with LTE were older (80.7 vs. 72.6 years, p=.014), had more comorbidity (Charlson index 4.6 vs. 2.1, p<.001 and most frequently were severe dependents (57.9% vs. 18.8%, p<.001). We found no association with sex, place of adquisition or clinical expressivity. The commonest clinical focus in patients with LTE was the urinary (42.1%) and there was a predominance of gram positive bacteria (63.2%). The empirical treatment was started early in 73.7% of cases. All patients except one died. Conclusion: LTE is considered in an important number of patients with bacteremia. They usually are older, with more comorbidity and functional dependence, bad functional basal status and important comorbidity. Knowing their differential characteristics allow us to understand this decision

[Limitation of therapeutic effort in patients with bacteremia]. / Limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en pacientes con bacteriemia.

INTRODUCTION: The limitation of therapeutic effort (LTE) depends on medical, ethical and individual factors. We describe the characteristics of patients with bacteremia in which it was decided to limit the therapeutic effort. METHOD: Prospective study of bacteremia in a community hospital in 2011. We collected information regarding patient variable (age, sex, Barthel index, comorbidities, Charlson Index and exogenous factors) as well as regarding the infectious episode (etiology, focus, place of adquisition, clinical expressivity, LTE and hospital mortality). The group in which LTE was performed was compared to the one that was not. RESULTS: We collected 233 episodes of bacteremia in 227 patients. We performed LTE in 19 patients (8.2%). Patients with LTE were older (80.7 vs. 72.6 years, p=.014), had more comorbidity (Charlson index 4.6 vs. 2.1, p<.001 and most frequently were severe dependents (57.9% vs. 18.8%, p<.001). We found no association with sex, place of adquisition or clinical expressivity. The commonest clinical focus in patients with LTE was the urinary (42.1%) and there was a predominance of gram positive bacteria (63.2%). The empirical treatment was started early in 73.7% of cases. All patients except one died. CONCLUSION: LTE is considered in an important number of patients with bacteremia. They usually are older, with more comorbidity and functional dependence, bad functional basal status and important comorbidity. Knowing their differential characteristics allow us to understand this decision.